Early Childhood Philosophies: A Comparison

PHILOSOPHY	KEY FOCUS	LEARNING APPROACH	EXAMPLE ACTIVITY
MONTESSORI	Self-directed learning through prepared environment	Hands-on, individualized activities with specific materials Prepared, child-centred and specialized resources	Manipulating puzzles for math learning
REGGIO EMILIA	Project-based learning and expression through multiple "languages"	Collaborative projects integrating various art forms and exploration	Creating a mural with recycled materials
WALDORF	Artistic integration and developmental stages . learning plan that is sensitive to the unique talents and preferences of every child at their own pace	Storytelling, rhythmic movement, and practical activities Aesthetically pleasing	Enacting a puppet show based on a fairytale
HIGHSCOPE	Active planning, problem-solving, and reflection	Open-ended projects with real-world relevance	Planning a class garden and reflecting on challenges
PLAY-BASED LEARNING	Importance of play for exploration and discovery	Unstructured, child-led play with diverse materials Playful	Building a fort with blankets and pillows
CONSTRUCTIVISM	Active construction of knowledge through experience	Hands-on exploration, questioning, and discussion Inquiry-based	Experimenting with water and observing its properties
FOREST SCHOOL	Connecting with nature and fostering holistic development	Play-based, child-led exploration in natural settings like gardens, meadows and woodlands	Building shelters with fallen branches, collecting leaves for nature collage